Keyword: "angle of impact"

An Experimental Study to Quantify Error Rates Resulting from Measurement Deviation in Area of Origin Reconstructions of Blunt Force Impact Patterns
Mark W. Davison, Timothy M. Palmbach
The intent of this study was to attempt to quantify error associated with the measurements required in area of origin reconstructions resulting from the analysis of blunt force impact patterns. Mathematical tables were constructed in order to examine trends associated with changing width and length ratios and the influence of…
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An Investigation of the Effects of Laminated Glass on Bullet Deflection
Gary Wilgus, James Bryan White, Julia Berry
This study finds that, because of the gun and ammunition used, bullet deflection varies when penetrating a laminated windshield, but not enough to significantly alter the calculated location of a shooter. All of the rounds, with the exception of two, fell within the generally accepted range of negative five degrees…
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Bullet Trajectory Reconstruction on Vehicles
Brian Vivona, Michael Gaspari
Numerous challenges are faced when reconstructing bullet trajectories fired at a vehicle because of the irregular surfaces of the vehicle, impacts through open windows, and deflections. Creating and using baselines around a vehicle allows for measuring trajectory angles in relation to each other, the vehicle itself, and the angle of…
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Introduction to the Trigonometric Shooting Reconstruction Method
David Rose, Todd Ekleberry, Gary Wilgus
This article is an introduction to the use of trigonometry for the purpose of reconstructing shooting scenes. It was written to provide the crime scene investigator, without a background in mathematics, with a basic look at how mathematical reconstruction is performed. This method has been reliable and is complementary to…
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